Created on: 9/29/2025
• Pre-emergence: complete seedling rot • Post-emergence: tissues soft, water-soaked; seedlings topple/collapse
• Drench with copper oxychloride 50% WP @ 2.5 g/l (4 L/sq.m) • Seed treatment: Metalaxyl-M 31.8% ES @ 2 ml/kg seeds (24 h before sowing)
• Brown spots with concentric rings (bull’s-eye pattern) + yellow margin • Fruits infected via calyx/stem attachment → concentric brown rings
• Remove crop debris • Crop rotation • Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 4 g/kg • Spray fungicides: a. Iprodione 50 WP @ 600 g/ac b. Azoxystrobin 23 SC @ 200 ml/ac c. Mancozeb 35 SC @ 1 kg/ac d. Metiram 70 WG @ 1 kg/ac e. Pyraclostrobin 20 WG @ 200 g/ac f. Zineb 75 WP @ 800 g/ac g. Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC @ 200 ml/ac h. Metiram 55% + Pyraclostrobin 5% WG @ 600 g/ac i. Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG @ 140 g/ac
• Vein clearing, yellowing of lower leaves • Leaves die in succession → petiole droops → wilting • Browning of vascular tissues • Entire plant wilt and die
• Soil solarization • Crop rotation • Remove infected plants • Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 4 g/kg • Seedling dip in Bacillus subtilis @ 5 g/l • Soil application of B. subtilis @ 1 kg + FYM 50 kg/ac (30 DAT) * Foliar application of Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% @ 300 g/ac
• It is caused by Yellow leaf curl virus and it is transmitted by whitefly • Tomato plant with severe stunting • Downward rolling & crinkling of leaves • Older leaves leathery, brittle • Short internodes, bushy appearance
• Raise nursery under protected conditions • Barrier crops: sorghum, maize, bajra • Disease-free seeds • Yellow sticky traps @ 5/ac • Remove alternate host (Abutilon indicum) • Spray: a. Dimethoate 30 EC @ 200 ml/ac or b. Methyl demeton 25 EC @ 200 ml/ac or c. Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 200 g/ac or d. Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 200 ml/ac or e. Afidopyropen 50 g/L DC @ 450 ml/ac
• Severe stunting • Chlorotic/necrotic leaf rings • Vein thickening, bronzed young leaves • Die-back of growing tips • Fruits: yellow concentric markings, seed discoloration
• Spray Cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD @ 900 ml/ha • Thiamethoxam 70 WS @ 300 ml/ha • Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 250 ml/ha
• Affects seedlings, leaves, stems, fruits • White blister-like spots on leaves → brown, rough • Wilting of shoots, streaks on stems/petioles • Fruits: small water-soaked spots with halo → raised, tan, cracked cankers → ooze • Vascular discoloration
• Field sanitation • Crop rotation (non-host crops) • Disease-free seeds • Disinfect tools & implements • Weed removal
